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Transmission Operations - Voltage Security FunctionContentsNarrativeThe Voltage Security function is designed to detect severe low voltage conditions based on phasor measurements of Power and Voltage and upon detection, initiate corrective action such as load shed. It has been shown through simulation that for certain credible contingencies on a power system, there can occur unacceptable consequences that are characterized by severe low voltages, excessively high power and MVar flows, and likely split-up of a utility’s interconnections. System studies have shown that a combined measurement of phasor measurements (only angle needed) and power flow can be used to provide a robust (both dependable and secure) indication of proximity of power system collapse. To be included in a typical measurement set are EHV and HV system voltages and generator MVar production. Classification type Decision Trees models are utilized to predict voltage security status. Results of the Decision Tree are executed through control actions on loads and generators throughout the system. A stressed power system is characterized by widening angular separation of bus voltage angles as it moves towards voltage insecurity. Decision Trees exploit the complex non-linear relationship between voltage security status and generator Vars/angular difference in term of hierarchical rules extracted from a large number of off-line load-flow simulations. Steps
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